Envenoming occurs when a venomous animal injects sufficient venom into a victim. This may be by a bite or sting which results in local and systemic toxic effects. Venomous animals generally use their venom to acquire and pre-digest their prey, with defensive use being a secondary function. Accidental encounters between venomous animals and humans occur frequently, particularly in rural tropical areas, with millions of cases of venomous bites and stings annually. Venom is a complex mixture of diverse components, often with several separate toxins that can cause adverse effects on humans.
Many animal groups contain venomous species. Among the main venomous animals in different phylum that classifies animals, we have:
(i) Phylum Chordata: Snakes, Spiny fish, Sting rays.
(ii)Phylum Arthopoda: Scorpions, Spiders, Paralytic Ticks, Insects.
(iii) Phylum Mollusca: Cone....
