The Swadeshi Movement was one of the most significant phases of the Indian freedom struggle, particularly in Bengal. It was a direct response to the colonial strategies of the British Empire, especially their attempts to divide India along communal lines and exploit its economic resources.

   It became a vital force in uniting the Indian masses and laying the foundation for the larger Indian independence movement. Mahatma Gandhi referred to it as the soul of Swaraj (self-rule).

   The movement gained momentum as affluent Indians donated funds and land for Khadi and Gramodyog production centers, aiming to make villages self-sufficient. It also paved the way for future mass movements, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) and the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930).

   The Swadeshi movement saw active participation from varied groups like students, women, and both urban and rural populations in Bengal and....